Is compost the same as soil?

Garden shopping can be confusing at the best of times, especially if you’re new to the hobby. Compost, soil, mulch, dirt: what’s the difference between these products when they look the same? 

If this question sounds familiar, don’t worry: it’s common. For many gardeners, it takes a while to remember the difference between materials when you’re not actively using them. 

But as you begin potting and pruning, you’ll soon learn that each serves a distinct purpose. So, is compost the same as soil? What is mulch, and why is there such a lack of education on the topic? Stay with Whitaker's Garden Centre to find out more. 

What is compost? 

Compost is a nutrient-rich material made of organic matter. It is produced through the controlled decomposition of kitchen scraps, manure, and garden waste (e.g., leaves and grass clippings). 

The natural process of decomposition transforms biodegradable materials into a dark, earthy substance that supports plant growth: it’s nature's recycling system! 

Where is compost used? 

Gardeners can use compost in many settings, but it is primarily applied as a soil amendment: 

• Agriculture: Many combine compost with soil, as it can improve its structure, fertility, and moisture retention. If you want healthier crops and plants, compost is a must! 

• Landscaping: Apply compost to your lawn or garden, and you’ll promote lush growth (without the need for harsh chemical fertilisers).

• Waste management: Composting organic waste can lower your home’s greenhouse gas emissions. 

What is soil? 

Soil is its own ecosystem, and is composed of a mixture of mineral particles, organic matter, water, air, and living organisms. 

As the upper layer of the Earth’s surface, soil provides a foundation for plant life by supplying essential nutrients like folate and magnesium. But how is it formed? Soil formation occurs over time and is influenced by factors like the local climate and topography of the area. 

Where is soil used? 

Soil has a much wider range of applications than compost, mainly because of its accessibility: 

• Agriculture: Soil is the primary medium for crop cultivation in agriculture. The fertility and structure of soil directly influence productivity in plants, vegetables, and flowers, which is why it’s such a key part of farming. 

• Environmental regulation: Fun fact: soil is a natural filter! It purifies water by trapping impurities. It also plays a big role in carbon storage by regulating greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.

• Construction: Soil’s load-bearing capacity acts as the foundation for buildings, roads and many other forms of infrastructure. 

Why is there confusion between compost and soil? 

If you’re wondering, ‘why all the confusion?’, that’s because compost and soil share many similarities, both in appearance and even the way they are marketed. Here’s a breakdown: 

Appearance

Without labelling, even the most seasoned of gardeners could be excused for getting compost and soil visually confused. Both compost and soil can have a dark, crumbly texture, and their resemblance may cause individuals to assume they are interchangeable. 

However, as we’ve learnt, their composition and functions differ. 

Terminology 

The term ‘topsoil’ is sometimes used to describe products that are, in reality, enriched with compost or organic matter. Such labelling can blur the distinction between natural soil and composted materials: very understandable, if you ask us! 

Marketing practices

Commercial products labelled as ‘garden soil’ or ‘potting mix’ often contain varying proportions of compost, soil, and other amendments. These products can certainly be confusing, especially when it comes to their specific contents and how they should be used. 

Educational gaps 

Put simply, there is a lack of widespread education on soil science. Many individuals are unaware of the distinct roles that soil and compost play in plant health, and without this knowledge, it’s easy to think the two are interchangeable. 

What is mulch? 

Another term that can be a source of confusion is mulch. Mulch is a layer of material applied to the surface of soil to conserve moisture, suppress weeds, regulate soil temperature, and improve the overall health of plants.

There are two main types of mulch: organic mulches, which include decaying leaves, bark chips, straw, and compost, and inorganic mulches, such as gravel or plastic sheeting. 

What is dirt? 

The term ‘dirt’ is sometimes used to describe loose soil or earth, primarily in America. In British English, ‘dirt’ can refer to unclean substances like mud, dust, or grime that soil surfaces or objects. 

Shop for compost, bark and mulch with Whitaker's Garden Centre! 

Now that you have a clearer idea of the difference between soil, dirt, mulch and compost, why not explore our garden shop? Whitaker’s collection of compost, bark and mulch features products from top-name brands, like Jack’s Magic, Westlands and Levington. 

You can find everything from all-purpose feed to peat-free compost. Shop now to give your plants the best possible care.

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